Έτοιμοι για δράση;
Σχετικό υλικό
Σύνδεσμοι στο διαδίκτυο
Υλικό/Αρχεία προς μεταφόρτωση
Πόροι
- Equipment for building a tensegrity structure (6 jumbo lollipop sticks with grooves at both ends, and 6 No. 16 rubber bands for each construction). Model of hand with joints, model that shows the action of the joints, optional models: skeleton, ball joint, large wooden model that illustrates the actions of the muscles. Materials for building a goniometer device for measuring angles (template + cardboard + paper fasteners for each student). Materials for building models that demonstrate how muscles work: here are some examples of models of muscle action:
Προετοιμασία
Purchase the materials and equipment for the tensegrity structure and the hand/joint model, construct model of a hand with joints, and photocopy an instruction template for building a goniometer for each student.
Στόχοι, μηνύματα, έννοιες
Συγεκεκριμένοι στόχοι
- Learning through experimenting with the body and building models of the skeletal system.
Συγκεκριμένα μηνύματα
- The body structure is a stable structure, similar to a ‘tensegrity structure’, which is where compressive forces act in a network of continuous tension.
- Different joints in the body have different ranges of motion depending on their function.
- Matching the structure with the function of the various parts: joints, bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments.
Βασικοί όροι
- Joint
- Muscle
- Tendon
- Tensegrity structures
Πρακτικές και Δεξιότητες
Πρακτικές STEM
- Αιτιολόγηση και σχεδιασμός λύσεων
- Δημιουργία και αξιοποίηση μοντέλων
- Διατύπωση ερωτημάτων και προσδιορισμός προβλημάτων
Προσωπικές δεξιότητες
- Εκμάθηση μέσω της αποτυχίας στο πλαίσιο της εκπαίδευσης
- Ομαδικό πνεύμα και συνεργασία
Δεξιότητες διαχείρισης
- Προσχεδιασμός
- Αξιοποίηση πόρων
Δράση
step 1
Begin with a series of exercises to reduce stress and increase concentration. Teachers can show this video. Start with a mobility exercise, then do a cross-body exercise (hand / elbow to knee), then the "victory" exercise or the "shake" (each for 90 seconds).
step 2
Students learn what comprises the skeletal system. If there is a model of a skeleton in the classroom / lab, it can be used to show that the bones of the skeleton are loose, and to stimulate a discussion about how muscles and tendons are vital to keeping the skeleton upright.
step 3
Students build a simple ‘tensegrity structure’ (see resources for details and video) to learn how the internal tension created from the compression forces acting on the hard doctor sticks (the bones) and the tensile forces acting on the flexible rubber bands (the muscles, tendons, and ligament) keep the structure stable: The body as a tensegrity structure.
step 4
Students learn about the purpose, types and structure of joints. Show (or build with students, if there is time) a model of a wrist made of cardboard, sticks, and rubber bands: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/build-an-artificial-hand/
step 5
Build a goniometer (a device used by doctors and physiotherapists to measure the normal range of the motion of the joints). Each student will build their own goniometer using the template (see resources), attaching it to a thick piece of cardboard, and connecting the parts using a paper fastener. They will use it to measure the difference between the range of motion of their elbow joint and their wrist joint. They could also check the range of motion of additional joints.
step 6
Students build a model to learn about muscle function. Examples of simple models of muscles include: